#. 필수 구동사 35개 뉘앙스로 쉽게 이해되고 저절로 외워집니다!

https://youtu.be/h_3InU9Th14

 

 

 

 

#. take after 닮다 = resemble 

: 어떤 사람의 특징을 뽑아온다, 따온다. 그 사람의 외모, 성격, 기질, 버릇을 닮는다.

 

look like (외모) ~ 처럼 보인다

vs

take after (외모, 성격, 버릇, 기질) 닮았다

 

take : 취하다 : 손을 뻗어서 가져오는 느낌

• take 가져오다 + after ~뒤에, ~후에, ~를 쫓아서
• go  after her! 저 여자를 쫒아가!

 

take after : 자식이나 조카가 가족들의 특징을 쫓아 그대로 닮은것

 

---

I saw your post last night. Who is the girl who is always on your Instagram?

>  Oh that’s my niece, isn’t she cute?

Yes, she is precious. She definitely takes after your side of the family.

> What? She is after us? 그녀가 우리뒤에 있따고? (X)

---

 

외가 : my mom’s side of the family

친가 : my dad’s side of the family

 

사람 look like 사람 : 외모만

사람 take after 사람 : 외모, 성격, 버릇, 기질 전반적인 것

 

I think my son looks like his father. 외모만 : 우리아들은 남편을 닮은것 같아

I think my son takes after his father. 성격도 : 우리아들은 남편을 닮은것 같아

 

I take after my mom more than my dad.

You take after your mom more than your father.

How do I take after my mom?

 

---

I saw your post last night. Who is the girl who is always on your Instagram?

>  Oh that’s my niece, isn’t she cute?

Yes, she is precious. She definitely takes after your side of the family.

> Oh, how does she take after us?

You all have the same smile.

---

 

#. get by  : 어떻게든 살아가다

 

get 얻다(?)  +  by 옆에 (?)

 

---

A: 

I heard you quit your job. What happened? How will you pay rent?

B: 

It’s such a long story. My dad gave me a small loan, though, so I could get by for the next month. 아빠가 대출금을 좀 줘서 다음달동안 어떻게든 살아갈 수 있을거야.

A:

You could get by for the next month? 다음달에 옆집을 얻을수 있다고? (X)

Will you move next door? 옆집으로 이사 갈거야?

B:

No! I’m not moving anywhere!

---

 

get by 

: 어떻게든 살아가다 

: 어떤 방법과 수단으로 (해결 지점까지) 도착하다

• get 도착하다, 생기다, 얻는다
• 장소를 get :  그 장소에 도착한 것
• by ~로 : 방법, 수단 : by car 차로 간다 by gas 가스로 난방을한다

 

@ get by + for

이 상황이 괜찮아질 때까지 얼마나 걸릴지 

I could get by for the next month.

 

@ get by + until

이 상황이 괜찮아질 때까지 언제까지 해야 하는지

I can get by until I find a new job.

I didn’t have breakfast but I’m snacking on almonds so I can get by until lunch.

 

---

A: 

I heard you quit your job. What happened? How will you pay rent?

B: 

It’s such a long story. My dad gave me a small loan, though, so I could get by for the next month. 아빠가 대출금을 좀 줘서 다음달동안 어떻게든 살아갈 수 있을거야.

A:

If you need any help, you can always ask me. But I’m sure you will get a better job.

B: 

Oh that’s so sweet. Thank you.

---

 

#. look after : ~를 돌보다 / 보살펴 주다

 

look 보다 + after 뒤에 : 뒤로보다 ? 

 

---

A: Did you hear about the new Italian bistro that just opened?

B: No I haven’t. I’ve been too busy to eat out lately.

A: Umm, We should go this weekend.

B: I would love to, but I don’t think I can find someone to look after the kids.

이번주엔 우리 애들 ???? 사람이 없어.

A: Look after the kids??? 뒤로 보다가 뭐지???

---

 

look 보다 : 의식을 가지고 처다보다 : look at 거기에 초점을 맞춰서 처다보다

vs

see 보다 : 눈으로 볼 수 있어서 보다

 

after ~뒤에 / ~후에 / ~쫓아서

 

@ look after : ~뒤를 따라다니면서 쳐다보는 느낌 

 

I look after my nieces once a week.

You look after your plants very well.

You look after your car very well.

You look after your hair very well.

Can you look after my cats while I’m on vacation?

 

---

A: Did you hear about the new Italian bistro that just opened?

B: No I haven’t. I’ve been too busy to eat out lately.

A: Umm, We should go this weekend.

B: I would love to, but I don’t think I can find someone to look after the kids.

A: Oh that’s a bummer! 아쉽다 Maybe I can let you know more in advance next time.

• bummer 실망(스러운일) It’s a real bummer that she can’t come.

B: That sounds great!

---

 

#. work out  : 해결하다, 계획하다, 진행하다

 

운동하다만 있을까?

 

---

A: When are you going to check out the wedding venue? * venue 장소

B: I’m planning to go this weekend after my dress fitting!

A: How exciting! Your wedding is almost all planned.

B: Yes, I just have a couple more details to work out. 응, 내가 ????

A: You need to exercise?

B: I mean, I have some more details to plan before the wedding!

---

 

work 일하다 : 어떤 목표를 위해 열심히 노력하는 뉘앙스

out 밖에, 밖으로 : 어떤 결과가 나왔다는 뉘앙스

 

@ 

work out 운동하다 : 열심히 노력해서 몸매, 체력과 같은 결과물이 나옴

work out 해결, 계획, 진행하다 : 해결하기 위해 노력해서 계획, 진행하고 좋은 결과가 나옴

 

I just have a couple more details to work out. 

내가 해결/계획/진행해야 할 세부 사항이 몇 개 더 있어

I haven’t worked out the details yet, but I’ll let you know when I do.

아직 디테일한 것들은 해결/계획/진행하지 못했는데, 하면 알려줄게요.

We can work out the details later. Let’s sign the contract now.

디테일한 나중에 해결/계획/진행하면 돼요. 일단 계약서에 사인합니다.

 

I have to work out the details.

내가 디테일한 것들을 해결/계획/진행해야 돼

 

---

A: When are you going to check out the wedding venue? * venue 장소

B: I’m planning to go this weekend after my dress fitting!

A: How exciting! Your wedding is almost all planned.

B: Yes, I just have a couple more details to work out.

A: Oh, like what? 어떤거?

B: I still need to order a catering service! * catering 행사,연회등 : 음식공급

---

 

#. fill in / fill out  : 작성하다

 

---

A: Hi! Are you a layover passenger or is this your final destination?

B: This is my last stop! I have to leave the airport.

A: Great! Please, fill in all of your details.

B: What do you mean by “fill in”?

A: I mean, fill out the entire form.

B: Fill in? Fill out? 이 두개가 뭐가 다른거지?

 

fill 채워넣다

 

@ in 바운더리 경계선이 명확한 것 안쪽에 있다

 

fill in the space 이 공간을 채워주세요

fill in the blank 이 밑줄을 채워주세요.

Please, fill in all of your details. 디테일한 것까지 모두 채워주세요

@ out  다 끝난 결과 output  건네주다 handout 

 

fill out 최종적으로 제출하기 위해 문서 전체를 다 채워주세요

Fill out the entire form. 이 전체양식을 작성해주세요

fill in 빠진부분을 채워주세요

fill out 빠짐없이 다 채워주세요

 

fill in this form 하나하나 다 채워주세요 : 이폼안을 채워주세요

fill out this form 전체다 채워주세요 : 이 폼을 빠짐없이 다 채워주세요

 

You need to fill in your name on this line.

I couldn’t fill out the whole thing because I couldn’t remember my new phone number.

 

---

A: Hi! Are you a layover passenger or is this your final destination? 

* layover = stopover 도중하차

B: This is my last stop! I have to leave the airport.

A: Great! Please, fill in all of your details.

B: Do I need to fill out the whole form? There are so many questions! OK, let’s do this!

---

 

#. 떨어지다, 넘어지다. 쓰러지다

 

fall down : 위에서 아래로 떨어지는 방향성을 보여주는 뉘앙스

@ under / below 아래에 존재한다

@ down 아래로 수직하강

fall down the hole 구멍/맨홀에 빠지다

fall down the stairs 계단에서  떨어지다

fall down the hill/mountain 언덕/산에서 떨어지다

 

Alice falls down the rabbit hole in the story.

I fell down the stairs last weekend.

 

fall over :  포물선을 그리는 뉘앙스

fall over the fence 울타리에 걸려 넘어지다

fall over on the ice 얼음에 미끄러져 넘어지다

Be careful not to fall over the fence.

I fell over on the ice last week.

 

fall off  : 붙어 있다가 떼는 뉘앙스

fall off the ladder 사다리에서 떨어지다

fall off the horse/bike 말/자전거에서 떨어지다

The jockey fell off his horse. * jockey (말을 타는) 기수

The boy fell off his bike.

 

#.fall out of  : 면적이 큰 곳에서 벗어나는 뉘앙스

fall out of my bed 침대에서 떨어지다

fall out of a plane 비행기에서 떨어지다

fall out of love 사랑이 끝나다 <-> fall in love 

I fall out of my bed very often.

We just fell out of love.

 

#. count on  기대하다, 믿다, 의지하다, 신뢰하다

 

count 세다 + on 위에 ?

 

---

A: Do you need any help moving into the new office? 

B: Yes, but I feel bad for asking. You are always so busy.

A: That’s okay. You can always count on me. 언제든 나에게 ??? 돼

B: I can count? Like 1,2,3?

---

 

@ count 

수를 세다

Count from 1 to 10!

 

계산하다, 계산에 넣다, 포함시키다 

>> 중요하다, 가치가 있다  + on ~로 붙는다

count on : 기대하다, 믿다, 의지하다, 신뢰하다

 

You can always count on me! 언제든 나에게 의지해도 돼.

 

---

A: Do you need any help moving into the new office? 

B: Yes, but I feel bad for asking. You are always so busy.

A: That’s okay. You can always count on me. 언제든 나에게 ??? 돼

B: Oh, that’s so sweet! Thank you!

---

 

#. pay off   돈을 다 갚다, 결과를 내다, 결실을 맺다

 

pay 지불하다 + off 떨어지다 ?

 

---

A: I feel so much stronger lately. 

B: You look so good. What has been helping the most?

A: I think going to the gym every day is really paying off.

B: Pay off? Is it expensive? 돈을 냈다고 비싸? 

---

 

Now I paid it off. 돈을 다 냈어.

I paid off all my debt. 나 빛 다 갚았어.

 

@ paid off 과거에 좋은 결과를 냈을때

All that hard work really paid off. 그 모든 힘들었던 작업들이 좋은 결과를 냈어.

 

@ is paying off 좋은결과를 내고 있는 중일때

Studying English with Estell is paying off. 

에스텔쌤과 영어공부하는 것은 좋은 성과를 내고 있어

I think going to the gym every day is really paying off.

매일 운동하러 가는게 좋은 결과로 이어지는 것같아

 

---

A: I feel so much stronger lately. 

B: You look so good. What has been helping the most?

A: I think going to the gym every day is really paying off.

B: That’s great! Next time, I want to go to the gym with you!

---

 

#. drop by   잠깐 들르다, 찾아가다

 

drop 떨어지다 + by 옆에 ? 

 

---

A: When are we meeting up today?

B: I can meet you around 6 pm.

A: Oh, that’s a little late, you can’t make it any earlier? Maybe 3 pm?

B: I have to drop by my daughter’s school at 3. Sorry!

A: You dropped your daughter? 너의 딸이 떨어졌다고? 

---

 

drop 떨어지다 , 일부러 떨어뜨리다, 내려주다

by 옆에 (나란히 나란히 옆이 아닌 360도 주변) 

 

I dropped by his office.

Did you drop by your mom’s place yesterday?

I need to drop by the pharmacy.

 

---

A: When are we meeting up today?

B: I can meet you around 6 pm.

A: Oh, that’s a little late, you can’t make it any earlier? Maybe 3 pm?

B: I have to drop by my daughter’s school at 3. Sorry!

A: Oh, no problem then! We can always reschedule for a less busy day.

---

 

#. 

1.go up   올라가다

 

up 위로 올라가는 방향성이 반드시 보여야 함

on 위에 붙어있는

above 기준선보다 위에 있는

over 위로 넘어가는 

 

I’m going up the stairs.

 

2. clean up   청소하다(완전 싹 다 청소하다)

 

@ up 

1. towards or in a higher position : He jumped up from his chair.
2. completely : We ate all the food up. / The stream has dried up.
3. to an end, finish, or state of being complete 완전히 끝낸상태 : 

 

Oh, my God. Somebody cleaned up that desk. 누군가 저 책상을 싹 치워 놨네

I will clean up my room.

 

3. set up   세우다, 함정에 빠뜨리다 (완전히 셋팅하는것)

 

set 놓다, 배치하다

 

How to set up a tent. 완전히 텐트 세우는 방법

set up a tent 텐트를 세우다

We set up the tent and ate ramen together.

 

Did you set us up? 너 우리를 함정에 빠뜨린 거야? (완전히 셋팅/설정해 놓은것)

 

4. finish up   끝내다

 

Joanie will be right out. She’s just finishing up another interview.

I’ll finish up the project soon.

 

5. wait up   기다리다

 

wait 가만히 있는 사람에게 잠깐만 기다려봐!

wait up 이미 가고 있는 사람에게 나좀 기다려줘! / 거기 멈춰봐

 

Wait up! I can’t walk so fast!

 

6. dress up   격식을 갖춰서 차려입다.

 

@ dress. n. 드레스 v. 옷을 입다

Also, Don’t feel like you have to dress up. 당신은 옷을 차려입지 않아도 될것같아요.

I’ll dress up tonight.

 

7. catch up   따라잡다: 전부터 해오던 것을 최신 것까지 완전히 따라잡다

 

밀렸던 드라마를 최신화까지 봤을 때

오랜만에 만난 친구들, 가족들의 근황을 들었을 때

어떤사람의 이력과 정보를 다 알아냈을 때

 

At our age, it’s not even possible to catch up.

우리나이에는, 서로에 대해 아는 것도 가능하지가 않아요

 

We talked about our lives to catch up.

우린 근황을 따라잡기 위해 서로의 일상에 대한 얘기를 나눴어

 

8. give up   포기하다

 

I don’t wanna give up on him. 

* give up on someone 이 사람에 대한 기대를 포기,단념하는 것

#. 

1. be made of   : 재료가 눈에 보이는 경우 : 물리적변화

 

This scarf is made of 199% silk.

@ of 부분과 전체 : a cup of coffee 커피한잔 : 전체커피중에 부분 

Most toys are made of plastic.

 

1. be made from : 재료가 눈에 안 보이는 경우 : 화학적 변화

 

Glass is made from sand.

@ from 근원 : 눈에 재료가 보이지 않음 

Cheese is made from milk.

 

1. be made out of : 특별한 공정을 거친 경우

 

The factory making shoes out of plastic bottles 플라스틱으로 신발을 만드는 회사

The shoes are made out of plastic bottles.

The down jackets are made out of plastic bottles. * down jacket 패딩 자켓

 

1. be made in : 만든 나라를 말하는 경우

 

That TV was made in Korea.

The clocks were made in Switzerland.

 

1. be made with : 음식 재료를 말하는 경우

 

The rolls were made with avocado, cream cheese and rice.

@ with 함께 : 영어로 된 요리설명과 조리법에서 볼수 있음

Kimchi is made with various vegetables.

 

1. be made by : 방법, 회사, 사람을 말하는 경우

 

The noodles were made by hand and not by a machine.

@ by ~에 의해서 : 방법이나 수단

Iphones are made by Apple.

 

1. be made up of  : 구성품이 여러 개인 경우

A triangle is made up of three lines.

#. up : 목표치 까지 완전히 끌어올리다 : 완전히 한다는 뉘앙스

 

1. close up : 완전히 꽉 닫다

We got to close up. 우리 가게 문 완전히 닫아야 해.

@ closeup ˈkloʊs  근접 촬영

Please close up the jam. 그 잼 완전히 꽉 닫아줘

 

1. open up : 활짝 열다

I can’t believe they’re finally opening up the gates!

Open up your mouth! Say. “Ah!”

 

1. warm up : 완전히 따뜻하게 데우다, 너무 뜨겁지 않게 딱 먹기 좋은 온도만큼

Kimmy, can you go warm up a bottle, please?

@ warmup 준비운동

Could you heat it up? 이것좀 데워주실래요? : 레스토랑에서 음식데워달라고 할때

 

1. keep up : 완전하게 계속 유지하다: 계속 최선을 다해 열심히 하는 상태를 유지

Keep up the good work. 계속 수고하세요

Keep it up! You’re doing great. 수고하세요! 잘하고 계세요

 

1. hurry up : 서두르다 : 할수 있는 만큼 최대한 빨리 움직여라

 

If you don’t hurry up, we’re gonna be late for sure.

 

#. pass :  기준선이 있고 기준선을 지나가는 느낌의 뉘앙스

 

그냥 지나가다, 통과하다는  go 

 

1. pass on 거절하다 : 간단한 약속을 거절

Do you want to have chicken and beer tonight?

> I’ll pass on it @ on ~에 관해서 / 붙는것 > 연결된 > 관한

I’ll pass on dinner. 저녁은 됐어요

 

1. pass up 포기하다 : 더 큰 기회를 거절 = give up 

He couldn't pass up the chance.

I passed up the chance to work abroad.

 

1. pass over 넘어가다 , 제외시키다

I can’t pass over your mistake. 전 당신의 실수를 넘어갈수 없어요

The company passed over him. 회사에서 그 남자는 제외시켰어

Let’s pass over the topic. 그 주제는 넘어가자

 

1. pass away 돌아가시다

My grandma passed away last year.

@ passing 소멸, 죽음 

My grandma’s passing made me sad. 나의 할머니의 죽음은 나를 슬프게 했다.

 

1. pass out 기절하다 : 사람의 의식이 밖으로 나가버렸다

It was only 9 and I passed out watching TV. 9시밖에 안됐는데 티비를 보다가 곯아떨어졌어

I passed out last night. 어젯밤에 완전 뻗었어.

 

1. pass around 나눠주다 : 차례차례 나눠주는 뉘앙스

Could you pass around the juice?

Pass around the picture. 사진 나눠보세요